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Lakeside Middle School
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Properties of Math
a,b,c = any real number * = multiply / = divide + = add


Commutative Property of Addition a + b = b + a

Commutative Prop. of Multiplication a * b = b * a

Associative Prop. of Addition a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

Associative Prop. of Mult. a * (b * c) = (a * b) * c

Distributive Prop. of Mult. over Add. a* (b + c) = a*b + a*c

Dist. Prop. of Mult. over Subtraction a * (b - c) = a*b - a*c

Additive Identity Prop. a + 0 = a and 0 + a = a

Multiplicative Identity Prop. a * 1 = a and 1 * a = a

Additive Inverse Prop. a + (-a) = 0

Multiplicative Inverse Prop. a * (1/a) = 1

Multiplicative Prop. of (-1) a * (-1) = -a

Reflexive Prop. of Equality a = a

Symmetrical Prop. of Equal. a = b then b = a

Transitive Prop. of Equal. If a = b and b = c, then a = c

Substitution Property If a = b,then b can replace a in any equation.

Definition of Subtraction a - b = a + (-b)

Definition of Division 0 / a = 0, a / a = 1, a / 0 = undefined
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